Spatial-semantics: How users derive shape from information space

User problems with large information spaces multiply in complexity when we enter the digital domain. Virtual information environments can offer 3-D representations, reconfigurations and access to large databases that can overwhelm many users’ abilities to filter and represent. As a result, users frequently experience disorientation in navigating large digital spaces to locate and use information. To date, the research response has been predominantly based on the analysis of visual navigational aids that might support users' bottom-up processing of the spatial display. In the present paper an emerging alternative is considered that places greater emphasis on the top-down application of semantic knowledge by the user gleaned from their experiences within the socio-cognitive context of information production and consumption. A distinction between spatial and semantic cues is introduced and existing empirical data are reviewed that highlight the differential reliance on spatial or semantic information as domain expertise of the user increases. The conclusion is reached that interfaces for shaping information should be built on an increasing analysis of users' semantic processing.